Structural Changes
Structural changes are changes when DNA changes in the leg. Structural changes are changes in which changes occur within the chromosome. When chromosome no. If it grows and shrinks, then we call such changes numerical changes. But in the event of a structural change, we call it a structural change.
Types of Structural Changes
1. Deletion
2. Duplication
3. Inversion
4. Translocation
1. Deletion
When any part of DNA breaks down and separates from that DNA, that kind of mutation is called extinction. Segment separation in the chromosome is called subtraction. Suppose is the chromosome that contains the genes within this chromosome that look like this.
Deletion
If telomere genes A and B get deleted from this chromosome If the middle gene is deleted from this chromosome then. The terminal chromosome removed will attach to any chromosomes present within the genome. If the last telomere gene is removed it will not survive.
Detection
We need two conditions for detection,
(1) Heterozygote Dilation (2) Pachytene Stage
We know that there are two copies of each chromosome inside a diploid organism, so this chromosome no. 1 came from the father's side and the second chromosome no. Will come from mother site.
Detection
Effect
(1)DNA length decrease
(2)pseudo dominance
(3)loss of function in haploid
Example
(1) Cri-du-chat 5p arm
(2) Angle man syndrome 15q arm (mother)
(3) Prader Willi syndrome 15q arm (father)
(4) Philadelphia 22q arm (WBC)
(5) Retinoblastoma 13q arm (cancer)(eye tumer)
2. Duplication
The brain has two chromosomes, in which there are genes a, b, s, d, e, f, c, h, and then the b & s gene from the first chromosome enters the second chromosome. And when the B, S genes are already present within the chromosome of the second valve, and then the B, S gene, this type of mutation is called Duplication. When there is crossing over between homologous chromosomes, a duplication event is observed within that condition.
Types of Duplication
1. Tandem Duplication
2. Reverse Tandem Duplication
3. Displaced Duplication
Detection
Effect
1. DNA length increases
2. If Duplication is followed by mutation new gene
In Drosophila
Drosophila has an X chromosome. Above this X chromosome is a closed segment of DNA called 16a. Typically, there is only one copy of this range. The 16a band controls the AS of Drosophila.
3. Inversion
If a segment of DNA is broken and rotated 180 degrees, then such changes are called inversions.
4. Translocation
If a segment of DNA does not move to its homologous DNA and non-homologous DNA, then this type of transfer is called translocation. Chromosome no.
genes are and chromosome no. 5 in present gene p, q, r, s...
