Gram Positive And Gram Negative Bacteria

Gram Positive And Gram Negative Bacteria

Gram Positive Bacteria 

Gram-positive bacteria are those bacteria that give positive results in gram staining. 

They are initially crystal violet in color and later convert to purple color. 

And when these bacteria are viewed under a microscope, a cell is visible which is made up of peptidoglycans. 

And it is of a thick layer and because of this thick layer, it appears purple.

Gram-positive bacteria have a higher concentration of peptidoglycan. An important chemical found in gram-positive bacteria. 

Due to the high content of peptidoglycans, these bacteria maintain a proper color after staining. 

Christian Gram gave the Gram staining technique in 1884, through this staining, bacteria are studied by dividing them into two different groups. 

Bacteria that do not decolorize when treated with crystal violet stains and washed with alcohol, And purple, visible in violet color, called Gram-positive bacteria.

Features of Gram Positive Bacteria

For the most part, the accompanying attributes are available in gram-positive microorganisms:

Cytoplasmic lipid layer A layer of thick peptidoglycan Teichoic acids and lipids are available, framing lipoteichoic acids, going about as chelating specialists, and particular kinds of bonds. 

Peptidoglycan binds are connected to frame solid cell dividers with the bacterial compound DD-transpeptidase. 

Tiny volume of periplasm than that of gram-negative microbes. 

Just a few animal types have a container, generally comprising of polysaccharides. 

Additionally, a few animal groups are flagella, and assuming they have flagella, they have just two body rings that help them, while the gram-negative ones are four. 

Both gram-positive and gram-negative infections as a rule have an upper layer called the S-layer. 

In gram-positive microorganisms, the S-layer is appended to the peptidoglycan layer. 

A layer of Gram-negative S microorganisms is appended straightforwardly to the external layer. 

Especially exceptional for gram-positive microscopic organisms is the presence of teichoic acids in the cell divider. 

A portion of these is lipoteichoic corrosive, which has a lipid job in the cell layer which can help Gram-positive bacteria are those bacteria that give positive results in gram staining. 

They are crystal violet in color and later convert to purple color. And when these bacteria are viewed under a microscope. 

A cell is visible which is made up of peptidoglycans. And it is of a thick layer and because of this thick layer, it appears purple.

Gram-positive bacteria have a higher concentration of peptidoglycan. 

An important chemical found in gram-positive bacteria. Due to the high content of peptidoglycans. 

These bacteria maintain a proper color after staining. 

Christian Gram gave the Gram staining technique in 1884, through this staining. 

Bacteria are studied by dividing them into two different groups. 

Bacteria that do not decolorize when treated with crystal violet stains. 

And washed with alcohol, And purple, visible in violet color, called Gram-positive bacteria. 

Features of Gram-Positive Bacteria

For the most part, the accompanying attributes are available in gram-positive microorganisms: 

Cytoplasmic lipid layer A layer of thick peptidoglycan Teichoic acids. 

And lipids are available, framing lipoteichoic acids, going about as chelating specialists. And particular kinds of bonds. 

Peptidoglycan binds are connected to frame solid cell dividers. With the bacterial compound DD-transpeptidase. 

Tiny volume of periplasm than that of gram-negative microbes. few animal types have a container, generally comprising polysaccharides. 

Additionally, a few animal groups are flagella and assuming they have flagella. 

hey, have two body rings that help them, while the gram-negative ones are four. 

Both gram-positive and gram-negative infections. Is a rule have an upper layer called the S-layer. 

In gram-positive microorganisms, the S-layer is appended to the peptidoglycan layer. 

A layer of Gram-negative S microorganisms is appended to the external layer. Especially exceptional for gram-positive microscopic organisms. 

Is the presence of teichoic acids in the cell divider. A part of this is lipoteichoic corrosive. 

Which has a lipid job in the cell layer which can help reinforce peptidoglycan. 

Gram-Positive Bacteria Infection

• Skin & soft tissue infection 

• Surgical and trauma wound 

• Urinary tract infection 

• Gastrointestinal infection 

• Heart-related infection 

• Thrombophlebitis 

• Breast tissue infection

• Medicine device infection

Gram-Positive Bacteria Antibiotic

• Penicillin - Benzol Penicillin, Cloxacillin, Methicillin

• Beta lactumase - Clavulanic acid, Tazobactum, Salbactum

• Macrolides - Azithromycin, Erythromycin

• Fluroquinolones - Ciprfloxacin, Ofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Pefloxacin, Levofloxacin

• Vancomycin 

• Lincomycin

• Linezolid 

• Doxycycline

Gram Negative Bacteria 

Gram Negative Bacteria Cell Wall

Gram-negative bacteria are those bacteria that lose their color during gram staining. 

The peptidoglycan in this bacteria is of a thin layer and has two layers. 

The outer layer and the inner layer and the sandwich between them, which is its color, appear as a purple color. 

Gram-negative bacteria are removed. That causes the crystal violet color to lose when washed with alcohol. 

When treated with end safranin, pink color appears called Gram-negative bacteria.

Features of Gram-Negative Bacteria

Gram-negative bacteria show these features: The inner cell membrane is present cytoplasmic. 

There is a thin layer of peptidoglycan which is very dense for gram-positive bacteria. 

It contains the outer layer containing lipopolysaccharides LPS. Which contains lipid A, the primary polysaccharide. 

And O antigen in its outer layer and phospholipids in the inner leaf. Porins are present in the outer layer. 

Acting as holes for certain molecules Between the outer layer. 

And the cytoplasmic membrane there is a gel-filled space called a periplasm. 

The S-layer is more attached to the outer layer than peptidoglycan. 

If available the flagella have four supporting rings instead of two Teichoic acids. 

Lipoproteins are attached to the polysaccharide spine. Some contain Braun's lipoprotein. 

Which acts as a link between the outer layer and the peptidoglycan chain with a strong bond. 

Most, except a few, do not include letters 

Gram Negative Bacteria Infection

• Intestinal infection

• Typhoid fever

• Diarrhea

• S.T.D. (Sexual Transparency Disease)

• Gonorrhea

• Chlamydia

• Respiratory problems

• Hospital-acquired Pneumonia

• Middle ear infection 

• Eye infection

• Joint and Bone infection  

• Tooth infection 

• Peptic Ulcer 

• Duodenitis

Gram Negative Bacteria Treatment

• Aminopenicillin - Ampicillin, Amoxicillin

• Ureidopenicillin - Piperacillin, Mezlocillin 

• Beta lactum + Beta lactumase - Piperacillin and Tazobactum

• Cephalosporin - Cefixime, Ceftriaxone

• Aminoglycoside - Gentamicin, Amikacin

• Quinolones - Nalidixic acid

• Carbepenam - Feropenam, Meropenam

Which step is not included in the gram staining method?

The Gram staining method involves a series of steps used to differentiate bacteria into two major groups: 

Gram-positive and Gram-negative, based on their cell wall properties. 

The steps involved in the Gram staining method are as follows:

Crystal Violet: The bacterial sample is first stained with crystal violet, a purple dye.

Iodine: Iodine is used as a mordant to fix the crystal violet dye to the bacterial cells.

Alcohol or Acetone: The bacterial sample is then treated with alcohol or acetone, which acts as a decolorizing agent. 

Safranin: After decolorization, the sample is counterstained with safranin, a red dye.

The result of the Gram staining method depends on whether the bacteria retain the crystal violet dye or get decolorized. 

If the bacteria retain the crystal violet dye, they appear purple and are classified as Gram-positive. 

If the bacteria get decolorized and take up the safranin counterstain, they appear red and are classified as Gram-negative.

All four steps mentioned above are essential for the Gram staining method, and none of them should be omitted to obtain accurate results.