Human Genetics Notes

Mistar Lal Singh
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Human Genetics Notes

Human genetics is the study of genetics as it occurs in humans. Human genetics encompasses a wide range of different fields ancient genes, cytogenetics, molecular genetics, biochemical genetics, genomics, genes, evolving genes, clinical genes, and genetic counseling.

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  • Human Genetics


    This article examines only the basic features of the human genome; for genetic problems please refer to medical genetics.

    Human genetics disorder-

    • Chromosomal 
    • Mendelian disorder

    Chromosomal disorder

    Can be caused by one chromosome or by more than one chromosome

    If it is non-accessible then it is very difficult to understand whether it will go to the next generation or not.

    Chromosomal disorder- 

    • Autosomal Abnormalities
    • Sex Chromosomal Abnormalities

    Autosomal Abnormalities-

    • Down Syndrome
    • Edward Syndrome
    • Patau Syndrome
    • Cat Cry Syndrome
    • Myelogenous Leukemia
    • Down Syndrome

    Down Syndrome

    Down syndrome was first given by the lame Down in 1866.

    Chromosome no. If there is a ratio of 21, that is, if the chromosome is being expressedthen there can be a problem.

    If a female is pregnant after the age of 30, the child may have a chromosome disorder.

    Symptoms

    • The forehead will be too wide
    • The open mouth of the child
    • Tongue is out
    • Small neck
    • Lip forward and
    • Round Face and Small Finger.

    Edward Syndrome

    Edward's syndrome was given by the scientist Edward Salt in 1960.

    tertiary chromosome no.18.

    Symptoms

    • A child affected by Edward's syndrome has a closed finger
    • Small ears, small mouth, small finger
    • Edward's syndrome to the affected child of life around 6 months. 

    Patau Syndrome

    Patau syndrome was given by Patau in 1960.

    Patau syndrome chromosome no. is caused by the tertiary of 13.

    Symptoms

    • Small head and abnormalities of the face, eye, and forebrain
    • Cleft lip and palette
    • Ears small
    • Clenched hand.

    Cat- Cry Syndrome

    • The affected child cries like a cat
    • Cat-cry syndrome chromosome no. 5 is related.
    • Symptoms
    • Small head with widely spaced eyes
    • Moon-like face
    • Heart-related disease

    Myelogenous leukemia

    Deletion of some portion of the long arm of chromosome no. 22 and its addition to chromosome no. 9

    Philadelphia chromosome as it began to be rebuilt in the city of Philadelphia in 1959.

    Symptoms

    Sex Chromosomal Abnormalities

    • Turner Syndrome
    • Klinefelter Syndrome
    • Superfemale
    • Supermale

    Turner Syndrome

    It is due to monosomy

    Symptoms

    • Webbed neck and abnormal intelligence
    • Cardiovascular paralysis and hearing loss

    Klinefelter Syndrome

    It is due to trisomy of the sexual chromosome

    It is made up of a combination of an unusual xx egg and a common y-sperm

    Man has 47 chromos4768ome (44+ xxy)

    Symptoms

    • The delay will be more than necessary
    • Mantle defect
    • Long lymph nodes

    Superfemale(poly X female syndrome

    Individual have 47(44+XXX), 48 (44+XXXX) or 49 (44+XXXXX)

    These females are characterised by abnormal sexual development and mental retardation

    Supermale (poly Y male syndrome)

    It is also known as Jacob syndrome

    Individuals have 47 (44+XXY) chromosome

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